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	<title>Gabriele Petrone &#187; Ataturk</title>
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		<title>Egitto, la via stretta e lunga per la democrazia tra autoritarismo e integralismo islamico…</title>
		<link>https://www.gabrielepetrone.it/egitto-la-via-stretta-e-lunga-per-la-democrazia-tra-autoritarismo-e-integralismo-islamico/</link>
		<comments>https://www.gabrielepetrone.it/egitto-la-via-stretta-e-lunga-per-la-democrazia-tra-autoritarismo-e-integralismo-islamico/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Jul 2013 17:18:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Gabriele Petrone</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Attualità]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cultura]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ataturk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autoritarismo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Egitto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ElBaradei]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Erdogan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fratelli Musulmani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gabriele Petrone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[integralismo islamico]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mondo arabo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Morsi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mubarak]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nasser]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turchia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.gabrielepetrone.it/?p=491</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Diciamoci la verità, ciò che è successo in Egitto non è certamente un fatto normale per una democrazia normale. Un Presidente regolarmente eletto è stato deposto e messo agli arresti dalle forze armate che hanno sospeso la Costituzione e nominato un governo provvisorio in seguito ad una serie di manifestazioni di massa nei centri più [...]]]></description>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.gabrielepetrone.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/egitto-in-crisi.gif"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-492" alt="egitto-in-crisi" src="http://www.gabrielepetrone.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/egitto-in-crisi-300x264.gif" width="300" height="264" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Diciamoci la verità, ciò che è successo in Egitto non è certamente un fatto normale per una democrazia normale. Un Presidente regolarmente eletto è stato deposto e messo agli arresti dalle forze armate che hanno sospeso la Costituzione e nominato un governo provvisorio in seguito ad una serie di manifestazioni di massa nei centri più importanti di quel paese.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Questa semplice cronaca dei fatti ci dà la misura di come il rapporto tra democrazia e cittadini nel mondo arabo (e islamico in generale) resti un problema in gran parte aperto.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Questo quadro ci viene confermato anche dalla vicenda della Turchia, paese islamico ma non arabo, dove il governo del Presidente Erdogan non riesce a fronteggiare una forte protesta di piazza cheda mesi ne contesta la politica giudicata, in generale, troppo filoislamica e in contrasto con la tradizione laica del Paese fondato da Ataturk.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Entrambe le proteste, pur se sviluppatesi in contesti economici e sociali ben diversi, pongono al centro la questione della modernizzazione dei propri paesi e l’insofferenza per una politica che, in forme differenti, cerca di utilizzare come <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">instrumentum regni</i> la questione religiosa.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Non deve quindi sorprendere che le folle delle piazze egiziane oggi inneggino alle forze armate, le stesse che avevano sostenuto per lunghi anni Mubarak (dai tempi di Nasser in Egitto i governanti vengono dai ranghi dell’esercito) deponendolo sempre in seguito alle pressioni della piazza quando questi era diventato indifendibile e favorendo lo svolgimento di elezioni che avevano dato la maggioranza ad un esponente di uno dei più antichi partiti egiziani, quello dei Fratelli Musulmani (fondato nel 1928), una formazione islamico-integralista con ramificazioni in tutto il mondo arabo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">I Fratelli Musulmani erano stati costretti alla clandestinità da Nasser e una delle sue correnti più estremiste fu risucchiata in pratiche terroristiche, arrivando persino ad assassinare nel 1981 il Presidente Sadat. Durante il governo Mubarak ne fu consentita la vita legale e la partecipazione alle elezioni (assai poco democratiche, in verità) in coalizioni con altre forze dell’opposizione ufficiale al regime.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">La fine del regime di Mubarak insieme a quello di altri paesi del mondo arabo, passando per la sanguinosa guerra civile ancora in corso in Siria, hanno messo in evidenza il nodo gordiano della situazione politica e sociale della sponda sud del Mediterraneo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Da una parte c’è una società civile, soprattutto giovani, che sono insofferenti sia ai vecchi regimi autoritari e corrotti che pure avevano garantito nel bene e nel male la modernizzazione di quei paesi, sia nei confronti di quelle forze politiche espressione del tradizionale fondamentalismo islamico che pure continua (è bene non dimenticarlo) ad avere caratteri di massa in quelle società.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In Egitto questi giovani oggi applaudono alle forze armate che, forse con un certo opportunismo, hanno inteso sostenere le loro rivendicazioni.<br />
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">I giovani di quell’area sembrano aver compreso la direzione giusta ma devono fare i conti sia con un vecchio mondo autoritario e corrotto che cerca di riciclarsi sotto altre forme, sia con gli estremismi integralisti che usano la religione islamica come strumento di lotta politica e per l’affermazione di nuove forme di dominio e sopraffazione.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">La strada per la democrazia è dunque ancora lunga e stretta e tuttavia non si può fare a meno di auspicare che venga percorsa fino in fondo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.gabrielepetrone.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/bandiera_egitto.jpg_770786215.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-493" alt="bandiera_egitto.jpg_770786215" src="http://www.gabrielepetrone.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/bandiera_egitto.jpg_770786215-300x147.jpg" width="300" height="147" /></a></p>
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